Git is a free and open source distributed version control system.
Git’s purpose is to keep track of projects and files as they change over time with changes happening from different users.

List of some important git commands

git init - Initialize a new git repository

Usage:

$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in [path].

git config - Configure git settings
- Usage:
```
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "name@example.com"
```
- Flags (Frequently used) :
  - --global - Configure settings for all the repo
  - --local - Configure settings for the current repo
  - --list - List all the configurations
- You can learn more about it here
git add - Add files to the staging area
- Staging Area:
  - Preview the changes before committing.
  - You can verify the tracked and untracked files.
- Usage:
```
$ git add file1 file2
#Add the mentioned files

$ git add .
# Add all files
```
git status - Show the status of the repository
- Usage:
```
$ git status
```
  You may get a similar output like this. It shows which are the tracked and untracked files.
  
  Note: You can always remove tracked files using git rm --cached file_name

git commit - Commit changes to the repository

It captures a snapshot of a current modified files.

Usage:

$ git commit -m "commit message"

#-am flag is used to add and commit only the modified changes
$ git commit -am "commit message"

git clone - Clone a repository
- It clones a remote repository into your local machine.
- Usage:
```
$ git clone https://github.com/username/repository_name
```

git remote - Manage remote repositories

Usage:

#Add a origin for a remote branch
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repository_name

#Remove a remote branch
$ git remote remove origin

You can learn more about it here

git push - Push changes to a remote branch

push command is used to push the changes to a remote branch.

Usage:

$ git push origin branch_name

#Setting an upstream so that you can use git push next time.
$ git push origin -u branch_name

git fetch - Fetch changes from a remote branch
- It fetches the changes from the remote branch , but doesn't merge them.
- Usage:
```
$ git fetch origin branch_name
```
git pull - Pull changes from a remote branch
- pull command is used to pull the changes from the remote branch and merge them.
- Usage:
```
$ git pull origin branch_name
```

git branch - Manage branches

Usage:

#Create a new branch
$ git branch branch_name

#Delete a branch
$ git branch -d branch_name

git merge - Merge branches
- It merges the changes from one branch to another.
- Usage:
```
$ git merge branch_name
```
- Usecase Scenario:
  - When a lot of developers are working on various branches. We can merge the changes from one branch to another.
- Merge conflicts
  - When there is a conflict in the merge,you need to resolve it in your text editor and commit the changes and push it.
  - Example Usage
```
$ git merge branch_name
#Conflict occurs , resolve it , add and commit
$ git commit -am "commit message"
```

git log, git reflog - View the commit history

Usage:

#View the commit history of a specific branch
$ git log

#View the commit history of all the branches
$ git reflog

git checkout, git switch - Switch branches

Usage:

#Switch to  a branch
$ git checkout branch_name
$ git switch branch_name

#Create a branch
$ git checkout -b branch_name

#Delete a branch
$ git checkout -d branch_name

git reset, git revert- Go back to previous state
- Both reset and revert are used to go back to previous state but revert creates a new commit with the previous state and reset go back to previous state without creating a new commit.
- Usage:
```
$ git reset HEAD^
$ git revert commit_hash
```
- Frequently used:
```
#reset to previous state also force deletes
$ git reset --hard HEAD^ 

#reset to previous state without deleting the staged files
$ git reset --soft HEAD~n
```
git rebase - Rebase a branch
- A pretty useful commands which acts like git merge.
- The main difference is that rebase have a straight line of commits.
- It doesn't create a new commit for conflicts.
- Usage:
```
$ git rebase branch_name

##After fixing the conflicts use 
$ git rebase --continue
```
- Interactive rebase
  
  You can specify the order of commits you want to rebase.
```
$ git rebase -i
```
git stash - Stash changes
- It is like a temporary storage for a commit.You store those commit and pop them later.
- Usage:
```
$ git stash
```
- Frequently used:
```
#pop the last stash
$ git stash pop

#list all the stash
$ git stash list
```
- You can learn more about it here
git cherry-pick - Pick a specific commit
- Used to pick a specific commit on other branches and use them to our current branch.
- Usage:
```
$ git cherry-pick commit_hash
```
- You can learn more about it here
git diff - View changes in a file
- Last but the most used and important command.
- It helps to view all the changes in the file.
- Usage:
```
$ git diff
```

Conclusion

These are the most common and frequently used comment.
I hope you like this article.

Guide to Essential Git Commands

List of some important git commands

Conclusion